Evaluation of Plasma Induced Surface Modification in PLA- Aliginate Biocomposites and their Dielectric Response: A Review of Literature

Abstract

Surface engineering plays an important role in improving the performance of biomaterials used in tissue engineering. Polylactic acid (PLA)–alginate biocomposites combine the mechanical strength of PLA with the hydrophilic and bioactive properties of alginate; however, their surface characteristics can limit early cellular interactions. This literature review (2010–2025) examines how non-thermal plasma (NTP) surface modification affects the physicochemical and dielectric behavior of PLA–alginate biomaterials. Plasma treatment introduces polar functional groups that increase surface energy and enhance wettability. As a result, dielectric properties such as permittivity and AC conductivity increase, indicating greater interfacial polarization and hydration within the material. These changes promote improved protein adsorption and fibroblast adhesion, supporting better biological compatibility. The findings emphasize the importance of plasma-induced surface functionalization for optimizing PLA-based scaffolds in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.