Evolution and Use of Bone Adhesives Based on TCP/HA Configurations with Phosphoserine and TTCP for Treating Rib Fractures

Abstract

This review serves as a theoretical comparative analysis of calcium phosphate–based bone adhesives, specifically two adhesives Tetranite (TTCP/phosphoserine) and OsStic™ (TCP/HA with catechol functional groups). The methodology focused on a literature review using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar, evaluating their adhesion mechanisms, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and performance in physiological environments. Both adhesives stand out for osteoconductivity and adhesion in physiological conditions, but their application in rib fractures remains challenging due to respiratory cycle motion. This work proposes a theoretical modification of OsStic™ by incorporating collagen hydrogels to introduce reversible flexibility without affecting structural strength or osteoconductivity.